How to support an advanced alternative fuels industry?
Read moreDeveloping policy for effective commercialisation

Understanding sustainability and indirect land use change
Read moreILUC models, LCA, certification, regulatory requirements

Assessing the carbon intensity of fossil fuels
Read moreClimate regulation for a changing oil industry

Link to: Sustainability and indirect land use change
SUSTAINABILITY AND LCA
The lifecycle environmental impact of alternative fuels
Link to: Low carbon fuel policy
BETTER POLICY
Frameworks to commercialise advanced alternative fuels
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Diverted harvest: Environmental Risk from Growth in International Biofuel Demand
In this report for Transport and Environment, we describe the biofuel policy frameworks and targets of the nine leading global producers and consumers: the USA, Brazil, the EU+UK, Indonesia, China, India,…
October 9, 2025/by Cato Sandford
Methodology for assessing greenhouse gas emissions savings from low-carbon fuels
Cerulogy worked with 'Future Cleantech Architects' to produce a report for the European Parliament's ITRE committee on the European Commission's proposal for an LCA methodology for 'low carbon fuels' -…
September 12, 2025/by Chris Malins
A federal clean fuel standard (CFS) for the USA
Clean fuel standards (CFSs) are regulations which reward or penalise transport fuels based on their lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions -- in particular, their emissions with respect to a 'compliance standard'…
September 5, 2025/by Cato Sandford
Staying Aloft: Support Mechanisms for ‘Sustainable Aviation Fuels’ in the United Kingdom and European Union
The EU's ReFuelEU Aviation and the UK's SAF Mandate place requirements on fuel suppliers to bring alternative aviation fuels to market. In parallel, financial support for alternative fuels comes from the…
July 24, 2025/by Cato Sandford
Global Automaker Rating 2024
Who is leading the transition to electric vehicles?
For the last few years, Cerulogy has supported the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) with its annual Global Automaker Rating, an…
July 3, 2025/by Cato SandfordFor the last few years, Cerulogy has supported the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) with its annual Global Automaker Rating, an…

Deforestation risk from Nordic alternative fuel policy
A report for Rainforest Foundation Norway
This report examines the climate and environmental risks associated with biofuel policies in Sweden, Finland, and Norway. While these countries are often recognised…
May 7, 2025/by Cato SandfordThis report examines the climate and environmental risks associated with biofuel policies in Sweden, Finland, and Norway. While these countries are often recognised…

Full steam ahead?
Environmental impacts of expanding the supply of maritime biofuels for the International Maritime Organisation targets
The UN’s International Maritime Organisation (IMO) is in the process of evaluating…
February 17, 2025/by Cato SandfordThe UN’s International Maritime Organisation (IMO) is in the process of evaluating…

Remember the AVMO: Growth of the USA’s renewable diesel production capacity
Renewable diesel in the USA
Cerulogy’s 2022 report ‘Animal, Vegetable, or Mineral (Oil)?’ explored how aggressive expansion of renewable diesel1 production in the USA impacts markets for vegetable…
December 12, 2024/by Cato SandfordCerulogy’s 2022 report ‘Animal, Vegetable, or Mineral (Oil)?’ explored how aggressive expansion of renewable diesel1 production in the USA impacts markets for vegetable…

Fuelling nature
How e-fuels can mitigate biodiversity risk in EU aviation and maritime policy
This report, commissioned by Opportunity Green on behalf of the Skies and Seas Hydrogen-fuels Accelerator Coalition (SASHA),…
November 21, 2024/by Cato SandfordThis report, commissioned by Opportunity Green on behalf of the Skies and Seas Hydrogen-fuels Accelerator Coalition (SASHA),…

Biofuels and food markets
A period of food price inflation starting in 2020, exacerbated by the invasion of Ukraine, brought the 'food versus fuel' issue back into the political spotlight in recent years. This review paper for…
September 9, 2024/by Chris Malins
Vertical Take-off? Cost Implications and Industrial Development Scenarios for the UK SAF Mandate
In this paper for the International Council on Clean Transportation we consider the industrial development implications of the targets for alternative aviation fuel supply that are being introduced throught…
September 5, 2024/by Chris Malins
4th meeting of the EU expert group on carbon removals
Cerulogy is working for the European Commission on certification methodologies permanent carbon removals under the EU carbon removal certification framework (CRCF). Dr Malins chaired sessions focused on…
August 9, 2024/by Chris MalinsAbout
Cerulogy is the consultancy of Dr. Chris Malins.
We are experts in alternative and cleaner fuels policy, sustainability and regulation in North America, Europe and for aviation.
Cerulogy comes from the Latin ‘ceruleus’, the colour blue, which is derived from ‘caelum’ meaning sky, suffixed with -logy, from the Greek for a science. Blue sky thinking.
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A federal clean fuel standard (CFS) for the USASeptember 5, 2025
